Time for Dave's attempt at sounding smart...
In my experience, it is a three part combination that equates to a whole greater than the sum.
1) How much would you say the sense of smell plays in terms of taste? Arguably, 70% is the general idea. Can't taste much with a stuffed nose.
2) In terms of cigars, how is the binder and filler treated prior to production? I smoked a VSG recently with no wrapper as it was badly damaged from being mishandled in my pocket, sans cellophane. It still had it's fundamental VSG taste. Other cigars, such as the 858 Flor Fina binder and filler taste like crap without the wrapper. In terms of these two cigars, I would hazard that the overall concept is based on a range between two theories, extreme specialization (the VSG for it's unique distinctive taste) and the overall symbiotic balance of each leaf playing a part (the 858). There is a gradient connecting the two, but I don't have the ability to differentiate nuances well enough to place cigars to their corresponding shade of gray.
3) Quality of fundamental resources such as environment, tercerdor skill, age, chemical reactions in fermentation and combustion, and of course personal preference. A box of cigars might vary immensely from an identical box of the same brand/size but made at a different point in time. Corojo leaf might be more tasty than Connecticut Broadleaf for some, and opposite for others.
Taking these separate ideas into one, the wrapper would account for a majority of the taste. Your mouth has direct contact with the wrapper leaf, your nose has direct contact with the trail smoke that is dominated by the wrapper's combustion, and if a person's preference happens to fit majestically with what's happening in the cigar, then we have entered flavour country. The percentage will vary from cigar to cigar, person to person. For myself, a VSG's wrapper might account for only 10% of it's flavour, while an 858's wrapper might account for almost all it's flavour.
On a side note, to argue the point of the Cabanos Habanos, the tobacco has very little deviation, the cigars are exposed to the same climate and don't experience vast differences in soil quality, a such is the bane of most puros. You know what you get, and it is consistent, but never surprising, nor evolving. Their model follows that of the extreme specialization (well in my opinion anyway). Is it any wonder why all these Cuban tercerdors weigh in at such low percentages of how much the wrapper contributes to taste?